Reference
Manufacturing reference charts
Free, at-a-glance charts for designing parts that quote and make cleanly, from machining tolerances to sheet-metal bend radii.
Thread Callout Guide: Read Inch & Metric Threads
Thread callout guide: how to read and specify inch (1/4-20 UNC-2B) and metric (M6x1-6H) threads, including series, pitch, and fit-class conventions.
Open the chartTap Drill Size Chart: UNC, UNF, Metric & NPT
Tap drill sizes for every common UNC, UNF, metric coarse, metric fine, and NPT thread, with decimal and mm sizes, percent thread, and clearance holes.
Open the chartSurface Roughness Chart: Ra by Process, N-Grades
Surface roughness chart: what Ra means, typical Ra by machining process, um-to-uin conversion, and the ISO N1-N12 roughness grades per ISO 1302.
Open the chartSurface Finishes Compared for Machined Parts
Common machined-part finishes compared: as-machined, Type II and III anodize, powder coat, zinc plating, electroless nickel, passivation, and bead blast.
Open the chartSheet Metal Gauge Chart: Steel & Aluminum Thickness
Sheet metal gauge to thickness, 3 to 30 gauge, in inches and mm for steel, galvanized, stainless, and aluminum, with steel weight per square foot.
Open the chartSheet Metal Gauge & Bend Radius Chart
A sheet metal reference chart: gauge-to-thickness conversion for steel and aluminum, minimum bend radius by material, and typical K-factors for flat patterns.
Open the chartPowder Coating Spec: Chemistries, Thickness, Finish
Powder coating spec guide: polyester, epoxy, hybrid, and polyurethane chemistries compared by durability, UV resistance, thickness, and finish options.
Open the chartPlastic Properties Comparison Chart
Compare tensile strength, max service temperature, and key properties for common machining plastics: ABS, PC, nylon, acetal, PEEK, PTFE, HDPE, and acrylic.
Open the chartPassivation Spec: Stainless Steel per ASTM A967
Stainless steel passivation per ASTM A967: how nitric and citric acid remove free iron and restore the chromium oxide layer, plus when it is required.
Open the chartMetal Properties Comparison Chart
Compare tensile strength, yield, hardness, and density for common machining metals: aluminum 6061/7075, 304/316 stainless, mild steel, titanium, and brass.
Open the chartInjection Molding Tolerance Chart (DIN 16742)
Injection molding tolerance chart: typical achievable tolerances by dimension range, DIN 16742 tolerance groups, and how resin shrinkage drives them.
Open the chartHardness Conversion Chart: HRC, HRB, HB, HV
A steel hardness conversion chart mapping Rockwell C and B, Brinell, and Vickers, with approximate tensile strength, per ASTM E140 and SAE J417.
Open the chartGD&T Symbols Reference: 14 Characteristics
GD&T symbols reference: the 14 geometric characteristics per ASME Y14.5 grouped into form, orientation, location, profile, and runout, and what each controls.
Open the chartEngineering Fits Chart: ISO 286 Hole-Basis Fits
Engineering fits chart: clearance, transition, and interference fits per ISO 286, with common hole-basis fits (H7/g6, H7/k6, H7/p6) and what to use each for.
Open the chartElectropolishing Spec: Process, Ra, ASTM B912
Electropolishing spec: how anodic dissolution removes a thin surface layer to smooth, deburr, brighten, and passivate stainless steel per ASTM B912.
Open the chartElectroplating Spec: Zinc, Nickel, Chrome, Gold
Electroplated finishes compared: zinc, zinc-nickel, electroless nickel, hard chrome, tin, gold, and silver by purpose, thickness, and governing standard.
Open the chartDrill Size Chart: Number, Letter, Fraction & Metric
Drill size chart with decimal inch and mm equivalents for number drills #1-#80, letter drills A-Z, fractional drills to 1 in, and metric drills.
Open the chartCNC Machining Tolerance Chart (ISO 2768)
A CNC machining tolerance chart: standard achievable tolerances by feature, plus the full ISO 2768 general-tolerance table for linear and angular dimensions.
Open the chartChromate Conversion Coating Spec: MIL-DTL-5541
Chromate conversion (chem film / Alodine) spec for aluminum per MIL-DTL-5541: Type I vs II, Class 1A vs 3, and how it differs from anodizing.
Open the chartBlack Oxide Spec: MIL-DTL-13924 & AMS 2485
Black oxide spec guide: hot, mid-temp, and cold processes, near-zero thickness for tight tolerances, corrosion notes, and MIL-DTL-13924 / AMS 2485 callouts.
Open the chartAnodizing Spec Chart: Type I, II, III (MIL-A-8625)
Anodizing spec chart: Type I, II, and III thickness, color, and alloy guidance per MIL-A-8625, and how to call it out on a drawing.
Open the chart3D Printing Tolerance Chart by Process
3D printing tolerance chart: typical dimensional accuracy and minimum wall thickness for FDM, SLA, SLS, MJF, and DMLS metal printing, hedged as typical.
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